The Linux file system is a structured and organized way of storing and managing files on a Linux operating system. It follows a hierarchical directory structure, with the root directory (/) at the top. Here’s a brief overview of key components and concepts:
1. Hierarchical Directory Structure:
/): The top level of the file system from which all other directories branch out.2. Important Directories:
/bin: Contains essential user command binaries (executables) needed for booting and repairing the system.
/boot: Stores files needed to boot the system, including the kernel and initial ramdisk images.
/dev: Contains device files that represent hardware components (e.g., hard drives, printers).
/etc: Houses configuration files for the system and applications.
/home: Contains personal directories for each user. For example, a user named john would have /home/john.
/lib: Includes shared library files required by binaries in /bin and /sbin.
/media: Used for mounting removable media like CDs, DVDs, and USB drives.
/mnt: Commonly used for temporarily mounting file systems.
/opt: Contains add-on application software packages.
/proc: A virtual filesystem that provides process and system information from the kernel.
/root: The home directory for the root user (system administrator).
/sbin: Holds system binaries essential for system administration.
/srv: Contains data for services provided by the system (e.g., web servers).
/tmp: Used for temporary files; often cleared on reboot.
/usr: Contains user applications and utilities. It has subdirectories like /usr/bin (user binaries), /usr/lib (libraries), and /usr/share (shared data).
/var: Stores variable
3. File Types:
Regular Files: Standard files containing data, text, or executable code.
Directories: Containers that hold other files and directories.
Device Files: Represent hardware devices (block devices for storage, character devices for serial devices).
Symbolic Links: Pointers to other files or directories.
Pipes: Used for inter-process communication.
Sockets: Enable communication between processes or over networks.
4. File Permissions: {see [[Read,Write and Execute]] page for more details}
Read (r): Permission to read the contents of a file or directory.
Write (w): Permission to modify a file or directory.
Execute (x): Permission to execute a file or traverse a directory.data like logs, databases, and email.
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